Ubuntu16.04安装Maven

  本篇教程在示例步骤中使用了以下版本的软件。操作时，请您以实际软件版本为准。

• 操作系统：Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
• Maven 版本：Apache Maven 3.5.4
• JDK 版本：JDK 1.8.0_65
• Tomcat 版本：Apache Tomcat 7.0.47

一、Maven下载与安装

1. Apache Maven 下载
   • apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz
   • yum -y install wget
   • wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.5.4/binaries/apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz
   • Apache Maven 历史版本下载
2. Apache Maven 解压安装
   • 新建目录：mkdir /opt/maven
   • 解压至 /opt/maven：tar zxvf apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/maven/
3. 配置 Maven 环境
   • vi /etc/profile
   • export M2_HOME=/opt/maven/apache-maven-3.5.4
   • export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$M2_HOME/lib
   • export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin
   • 使配置文件生效：source /etc/profile
   • 验证是否安装成功：mvn -v，（参见附录 1）
4. 配置 Maven 源与本地 JAR 目录
   • 新建目录：mkdir /opt/maven/repository
   • 编辑 settings.xml 文件：vi /opt/maven/apache-maven-3.5.4/conf/settings.xml
   • 在相应的位置中添加以下内容：（参见附录 2）
5. 配置 tomcat-users.xml 文件
   • vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
   • 添加以下内容：（参见附录 3）
   • 若不使用 tomcat7-maven-plugin，则到此结束配置。
   • 使用 tomcat7-maven-plugin 的 pom.xml （参见附录 4）

附录 1

root@ubuntu:/etc# mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.5.4 (1edded0938998edf8bf061f1ceb3cfdeccf443fe; 2018-06-18T02:33:14+08:00)
Maven home: /opt/maven/apache-maven-3.5.4
Java version: 1.8.0_65, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_65/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "4.4.0-105-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

附录 2

<!-- Config local repository maven -->
<localRepository>/opt/maven/repository</localRepository>

<!-- Config tomcat7-maven-plugin (若不使用则无需配置) -->
<servers>
  <server>
    <id>tomcat7</id>
    <username>admin</username>
    <password>admin</password>
  </server>
</servers>

<!-- Config aliyun mirror -->
<mirrors>
  <mirror>  
    <id>nexus-aliyun</id>  
    <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>    
    <name>Nexus aliyun</name>  
    <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>  
  </mirror>
</mirrors>

附录 3

<tomcat-users>
  <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
  <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
  <role rolename="manager-script"/>
  <role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
  <role rolename="manager-status"/>
  <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>

附录 4

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
  http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>org.cqupt.mauger</groupId>
  <artifactId>Resource</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>Resource</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.20.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
        
        <!-- 配置 tomcat7-maven-plugin 插件 -->
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
          <configuration>
            <server>tomcat7</server>
            <username>admin</username>
            <password>admin</password>
            <path>/</path>
            <port>8080</port>
            <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
            <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

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